ชมวีดีโอท่องแดนพุทธภูมิอินเดีย-เนปาล
Handy monk is a Thai monk lives in WatThai,D.C. and have serving the Thai& American society in metropolitan area. He lives in the United States since 1992.
The
The Ellora temple caves are used for worship by different religions, namely Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. These caves are a mile and a quarter long. They are located about eighteen and a half miles from the city of
The Ellora caves, which date from the period 9 to 12 A.D., were constructed later than the
The most beautiful of the Ellora caves is the tenth. It is two stories high with a pagoda inside. The top floor has a large arched balcony extending outwards. There are stone carvings of hovering devas on the exterior face of the cave. The ceiling is a Sanchi-style dome. In the stupa there is a large Buddha image.
The eleventh and twelfth caves, which are considered to be more important than the other caves, are three stories high. Each story consists of a large residence hall (vihara) that the monks used. The monks’ cells extend off from the halls. The viharas are decorated with large columns and include balconies. Each top story, which contains many Buddha images lined up in a row, has a large Buddha sculpture. The fourth cave is currently used for Dhamma study, and the twelfth for merit ceremonies and as a monks’ quarters.
The seventeenth cave was the Hindu cave. The Hindu people wanted their caves to be a treasure of Hindu religion. They constructed caves thirteen through twenty-nine.
It was well known that the sixteenth cave, the Kailash cave, was the most beautiful of all the Ellora caves. This cave was carved from top to bottom out of a mountain. Altogether the stone that was removed weighed about 200,000 tons. The stone was carved into a very large and very beautiful Hindu-style temple. Around the temple walls and doors there are various forms of the Hindu god (tavathas) with his consort. Inside what was the monks’ residence is a large Shiva-lincum (phallus). On the ceiling of the temple is a carving of a lotus. Many Hindu people come here to worship. When they enter they feel that they are connected with their ancestors. Because the temple cave is so enormous, in every direction there are stone carvings of Hindu tavathas miles long.
When the Jains were in power, they built caves that modeled the caves the Buddhists and Hindus had built. This is especially true of the thirty-second Jain cave. This temple cave contains a stone carving of Mahavira sitting in the meditation position under a banyan tree. Another carving depicts a naked male standing with a vine wrapped around his arms and legs. However, all thirty-four caves have carving of devas at the ceiling angles, as well as carvings covering the columns with large lotus petals at the capitals of the columns.



The Great Sanchi Stupa
The great Sanchi stupa looks like a huge bowl placed upside down. It has been well known since ancient times. Built between the years 200 B.C. to 200 A.D., it is the oldest stone structure from the era of Great King Asoka. The ancient hill of Sanchi was called Shikiri City of Jetiyakiri, jetiyakiri meaning the mountain with the pagoda on top. The Sanchi stupa is located in the Madhya Pradesh (state) in central
The ancient hill of Sanchi was in proximity to Ujayni, the capital city of
The stupa is well preserved to this day. It is constructed of rectangular-shaped stones lined up in rows. It is about 120 feet in diameter and about 52.5 feet in height. The stupa is topped by a ceremonial umbrella (chatta). The area around the stupa is quite large and enclosed by stone balustrades. These balustrades are curved, designed to conform to the shape of the stupa. They are known as King Asoka Fence. All four entrances to the stupa have stone carvings of the Buddha depicting different periods of his life. There are carvings of the birth of the Buddha, Lumpini Grove where he was born, his reaching Enlightenment, his preaching the Dhamma, his leaving the palace to become a monk, and his passing into Nirvana. There are carvings of the Buddha converting the three ascetics. Another scene shows his relics being divided among the eight cities. There are even carvings which illustrate the lifestyles of the people of the time.
Two small stupas were subsequently constructed on either side of the larger one. The one on the right was built to enshrine the venerable Sariputta’s relics. The other small stupa on the left contains the venerable Maha Moggallana’s relics. The venerable Sariputta and the venerable Maha Moggallana were the Buddha’s chief disciples. There was also a sangkaram (temple, wat) at the rear. Another stupa at the temple holds the relics of Mokkalibutisa Thera, Great King Asoka’s teacher and the abbot of the temple, as well as the relics of arahants respected by the king.
Near the great stupa at the wat there was a Dhamma hall used for religious ceremonies. Only remnants of this building remain, including the bases of the stone columns. At the front of the great stupa there was a monolithic pillar, now broken. A long section of the pillar is now on the ground where the monks’ residence hall (vihara) used to be at the temple. The inscription on the piece of pillar states the following: “If anyone moves or destroys this stone pillar, that person will be punished.” The inscription warned that anyone tampering with the pillar was committing a sin.
Edited by Duwayne








พระมหาเจดีย์พุทธคยา หรือพระวิหารมหาโพธิ์



I. Geography
The Buddha was born in the ancient
In Buddhist tradition the Buddha was born at Lumbini in 563 B.C. The ruler of the kingdom at that time was King Suddhodana of the Shakya dynasty of the Kshatriya, warrior, caste. The capital city of his kingdom was Kapilavastu. His queen was Maya Devi.
According to the Buddhist text, one night at the palace during the Midsummer Festival, the queen had a dream that four Brahmins came to her bedside. They carried her to a place under a sala tree in the Himmapan forest. There were devas and other spiritual beings waiting there to attend to her. Then they took her to Anodard pond to be purified of her sins. Suddenly a white elephant (the future Buddha) brought her a white lotus flower in his trunk and made a triple circumambulation around the queen. Striking her on her right side, he seemed to enter her womb. (Cf. the Introduction (Nidana Katha) to the Jataka Commentary (i.4721), paragraphs 27-28).
The next morning the queen told the king her dream. The king called sixty-four Brahmins together to interpret the dream. They told the king that the queen had become pregnant and would have a son. If his son continued to live in the household, he would become a great monarch. On the other hand, if he left the household and abandoned the world, he would become a Buddha. When the time of birth came near, the queen asked the king for permission to return to her hometown of Devadaha to give birth to their child. According to the custom of the time, a woman ready to give birth had to go to her parents’ house to have her child. King Suddhodana consented and ordered a large number of royal attendants to accompany the queen on the trip. (Some sources indicate the queen traveled to Lumbini specifically to worship the sacred tree there.) The entourage traveled about twelve and a half miles, arriving at Lumbini garden on the fifteenth day of the sixth lunar month. The beautiful garden and the peaceful neighboring areas belonged to both the Shakyas and the Koliyas clans. The day was a Friday, the day of a full moon. (This date is currently celebrated every year on the day of the full moon in May.) Since it was almost
When the future Buddha was born, he did not touch the earth: four gods received him. He emerged from the womb unbloodied, unsoiled. When he was born an immeasurable light appeared throughout the world. His body and that of his mother were washed with two streams of water, one cold and the other hot, falling from the sky. (The hot water symbolized the harshness of asceticism, the cold water the coolness of Enlightenment.) The streams from the sky formed the water within the sacred pool of Pokarani. The future Buddha, once born, looked in all four directions. (This scanning of the four quadrants, according to the commentator, meant unobstructed knowledge.) He saw no one who was his equal. He then took seven steps and stopped. (The seven steps symbolized he would acquire the seven Enlightenment factors.) He spoke the following words with a bull-like voice: “I will be the chief one, the supreme one, the eldest one in the world. This cycle of birth will be my last. There will not be another existence for me”. (Even the “bull-like” speech is significant as setting in motion the irreversible Dhamma wheel. The statement that there would not be another existence signified the “lion’s roar” of the coming Nibbana of the arahant.) The future Buddha was born with the thirty-two Brahmanical distinctive marks of a great man, for instance, a bright, golden complexion, and blue eyes. (Cf. the “Acchariya-abbhuta Sutta; Wonderful and Marvelous,” III:123, 16-21.; the “Mahapadana Sutta: The Great Discourse on the Lineage,” II:14, 1.25-1.32; and the extensive discussion of the distinctive marks in the “Lakkhana Sutta; The Marks of a Great Man,” Middle Length Discourses, III:30. Cf. the continuation of the story line in the Introduction to the Jataka (i.4721), paragraphs 40-43, 54, and 31. The Introduction also describes in paragraph number 31 how, when the future Buddha was born, thirty-two prognostics appeared, for instance, all the worlds filled with an immeasurable light, and the blind saw and the deaf heard and the lame walked.)
III. Archeology and Monuments
As an archeological site Lumbini is significant today for the Asoka pillar; the sacred pool of Pokarani (the Sakya bathing tank); the temple of Maya Devi, built over other successively built temples which were built, in turn, over one of Great King Asoka’s four stupas; the stone presumably placed by Asoka to mark the exact spot where the Buddha was born; the many stupas; the monasteries (viharas); and the bas-relief of Maya Devi giving birth. (Lumbini, by Bidari, is the principle text utilized in the following discussion. Middle Land Middle Way; A Pilgrim’s Guide to the Buddha’s India, by Ven. S. Dhammika, also has a brief discussion of Lumbini.)
1) Asoka Pillar. Great King Asoka was responsible for the construction of at least forty pillars throughout his country. The pillar at Lumbini dates from 249 B.C., the time of the king’s visit to the site to commemorate the birth of the Buddha there. Like the other pillars, this one was built of sandstone with a monolithic shaft, a separate bracket sculpture placed on the top. The shaft, over twenty-four feet high, is cracked and has two iron “belts” around it. The bracket figure (capital stone) still exists separately at the site, but it is broken. The sculpture at the top no longer exists. The inscription on the pillar reads: “King Piyadasi (Asoka) the beloved of Devas in the twentieth year of the coronation himself made a royal visit; Buddha Sakyamuni having been born here, a stone railing was built and a stone pillar erected . . .” (Department of Archeology, H.M.G. Nepal, translation, quoted in Lumbini, by Bidari, p. 60). There is some discussion as to whether the Brahmi word, silavigadabhica, in the inscription means that a stone railing (wall) was build or that a stone figure of a horse was built for the capital of the pillar. More often than not, the translations opt for the former rendition.
2) Sacred Pool of Pokarani. This pool is located just to the southwest of the
3)
5) Bas Relief of Maya Devi. The bas-relief of Maya Devi giving birth to the Buddha is enshrined in Maya Devi temple. The bas-relief of the nativity was initially installed at the time of the Malla Kings of the Naga dynasty from about the eleventh to the fifteenth century in the Karnali zone of Nepal. (Bidari offers three views on the date of the carving of the panel, one view ascribing the work to the time of Asoka; another to the Kusana period, spanning the time between the second century B.C. and the fourth century A.D.; and a third to the Gupta period, which extended from the third to the eighth centuries A.D. (pp. 73-74).) The sculpture is a realistic depiction of the Buddha’s birth. As well as featuring the Buddha and Maya Devi, there are images of the queen’s sister, Prajapati, supporting the queen; the Hindu creator of the universe, Brahma, bent to receive the future Buddha; and the leader of the devas, Indra, who assisted him in the difficult task of teaching humanity the path to Enlightenment. The panel is over six and a half feet high and almost three and a half feet wide.
IV. Conclusion: Lumbini Today
Lumbini is currently located on 6,000 acres of land. Additional trees have been planted, and fences have been built to protect it. It is being developed under the master plan of the Lumbini Development Trust, a plan devised in 1978 by the famous Japanese architect Kenzo Tange. UNESCO lists Lumbini as a World Heritage Site. It is now under the supervision of the Nepalese government. The Government has invited Buddhists from around the world to participate in the building of Buddhist temples at the site. Many beautiful temples have been built in recent years to honor the Buddha—among others, the Myanmar (Burmese) Temple with a monastery complex nearby, the International Gautami Nuns Temple, the China Temple with its huge Buddha statue, the Dae Sung Suk Ga Sa Korean Temple, the Nepal Buddha Temple and monastery, the Japan Peace Stupa with its four Buddha statues at the dome, as well as the Thai Temple. The Lumbini International Research Institute (LIRI), dedicated to the study of Buddhism and religion in general, is also located on the premises. The weekly Lumbini bazaar offers insights into the cultural life of southern




Bodh Gaya, the Site of the Buddha’s Enlightenment